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For large reaction rates a dispersion model is obtained with coefficients depending on both bulk and wall absorption rates.
The wall friction of DCPD is reduced by both bulk and wall lubrication unlike MCC for which the friction coefficient is essentially unchanged.
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A range of balanced bulk and wall shear relevant to hybrid operation is determined.
Here μ∞ and μw are the bulk and wall viscosity coefficients respectively.
In the model construction process, three regions have been considered: Liquid Region I, Liquid Region II and Vapour Region, depending on bulk and wall temperatures being higher or lower the pseudo-critical temperature.
It is considered the same bulk and wall chlorine reaction coefficients used in the previous mentioned studies (k b = −0.5 day−1; k w = 0.0 day−1).
In Eq. (1), K t is the transport coefficient which considers the macroscopic and microscopic mechanisms, SP is the sticking probability, and (C b − C s) is the concentration gradient between fluid bulk and wall surface.
To investigate this issue, two experiments were carried out for both oils at the same flow rate, bulk temperature, and wall temperature.
For both steady and oscillating flows, the bulk and local wall temperature distribution, pressure drop, inlet and outlet temperatures and frequency were measured.
The asphaltene deposition models consist of three major modules: (1) particle transport toward the wall surface, (2) particle attachment process to the surface, and (3) particle concentration gradient between fluid bulk and the wall surface.
The computational domain is divided into bulk and near-wall regions.
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