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Adult bone mass is a function of both bone size and density [23]; both these variables influence fracture risk [24,25].
Fracture risk ultimately depends on two factors: the mechanical strength of bone (determined by both bone size and volumetric density) and the forces applied to it.
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In our previous study in ALSPAC, we found that 2 of the principle determinants of BMI, namely total body lean mass and fat mass, are both strongly related to overall bone size and hence bone mass (21).
Femoral neck length and hip axis length correlated strongly with femoral neck width (r= 0.71 and 0.78 respectively, both p<0.001) suggesting these are measures of bone size and perhaps subject size.
Building upon HAL and FNAL measurements, composite indices of femoral neck strength integrating body size with femoral neck bone size and aBMD have also shown advantages among Asians versus other races both in the US and China.
The present study suggests a beneficial effect of vitamin C intake on the reduction in bone size and the number of bone marrow lesions, both of which are important in the pathogenesis of knee OA.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated independent effects of birthweight and weight at 1 year on volumetric bone size and bone strength in the seventh decade in both sexes.
The main outcome measures included new bone size and its bone mineral density (BMD).
It uses what are known as logarithmic transformations to cope with changes in the relationship between bone size and weight.
The differences in bone morphology in old age – whether an individual's bone size and mass occupy the 5th, 50th or 95th percentile – is determined early in life.
The anatomic variations that were examined included extra-articular deformities, bone deficiencies, ligamentous instability, post-patellectomy knees, patella baja, variations in bone size and high-flexion knees.
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