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Overweight and obesity may be both a risk factor for the indications for these surgeries and a possible consequence of the procedure.
Diabetes has been postulated to be both a risk factor and a consequence of pancreatic cancer, but the degree of risk and associated clinical factors remain unclear.
Meanwhile Julie Ward at the British Heart Foundation, said: "We know depression is both a risk factor for heart disease and is often experienced by people who have had a major heart event".
Bronchiectasis is considered to be both a risk factor for and a consequence of NTM infections [ 9].
As poor nutrition is both a risk factor and a consequence of persistent diarrhoea, the two are very commonly associated.
While 41% of women cited both a risk factor and a symptom, 28% could not cite either.
Similar(40)
Growing evidence of its association with bronchial asthma is emerging: both as a risk factor for asthma development and a major factor in exacerbations.
HPV infection susceptibility in black women has been also contradictory from the host genetic background, since there are studies that reported HLA-class-II DQB1*03 alleles both as a risk factor [41], [42] and a protective factor [43].
PAI-1 activity increase is regarded both as a risk factor for coronary atherothrombosis and MI and as a trigger for IR development.
The decision to introduce smoking in the analysis was based on the fact that smoking is associated with both diabetes (as a risk factor) and toxicant values.
Thrombophilia represents a risk factor both for idiopathic and secondary osteonecrosis (ON).
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