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Thus, the polyimide sheet acts as both a precursor for the carbonization and a flexible substrate.
ACC is both a precursor for fatty acid biosynthesis and an inhibitor of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA transport to mitochondria for β-oxidation [ 15].
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This expression pattern is consistent with the inferred role of cinnabar in the production of 3-OH-kynurenine, both as a precursor for red ommochromes and for deposition in the melanin stage as the yellow pigment.
These parasitemias may provide a substantial gametocyte reservoir both for continual infection and as a precursor for the next transmission season or epidemics when mosquitoes become more abundant [ 2].
Both MVA and MEP pathways provide IPP, a precursor for the formation of final rubber molecule [ 6].
In the general phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine is converted to 4-coumaroyl CoA, which then serves as a precursor for both, anthocyanins and lignin.
The initial increase in tyrosine levels in elicitor-treated cells might reflect the role of this amino acid as a precursor for both amide and alkaloid biosynthesis.
Nicotinamide, the amide form of niacin or nicotinic acid is a precursor for both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP).
Pyruvate serves as a precursor for both L-valine (4.5 g/L) and L-alanine (1.5 g/L) [ 8] (see Figure 4), the two amino acids produced in the highest concentrations.
CmlE and CmlD are required for chorismic acid synthesis, where chorismic acid is a precursor for both aromatic amino acid and chloramphenicol biosynthesis [ 68]; CmlF is a major facilitator transporter that may contribute to chloramphenicol resistance (although it is not the major resistance determinant).
The main glycerophospholipids in the cell, PC and PE, are synthesized through two metabolic pathways, the de novo synthesis pathway that uses PS as a precursor for both, and the salvage or CDP pathway, also referred to as the Kennedy pathway, which recycles choline and ethanolamine to produce PC and PE, respectively [ 35].
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