Lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, GGO) blood samples of Jangu (LN: 315), Gaidi (LN: 916, wild-born) and Fritz (LN: 673, wild-born) were obtained from the Zoo Wuppertal, the Zoo Leipzig and the Tiergarten Nürnberg, respectively.
The following blood samples from non-related individuals were used for qPCR analysis: blood samples from the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, PTR) Max (LN: 444) and Fritz (LN: 776, wild-born) were obtained from the Zoologisch-Botanischer Garten Wilhelma Stuttgart (Germany).
Adult and new born SD rats were obtained from Charles River Laboratories and used in the experiments.
Population estimates for the prevalence of smoking for women born in 1921-26 were obtained from the 1995 and 2005 Australian National Health Surveys.
Population data on country of birth for women born in 1921-26 were obtained from the 1996, 2001 and 2006 Australian censuses.
State-level data on the percentage of the population uninsured and the percentage of the population comprised of foreign-born noncitizens were obtained from the 2000 Current Population Survey, March Supplement, a detailed description of which is available elsewhere [ 21].
Population-based data on twins born in Australia between January 2001 and December 2010 were obtained from Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Perinatal Data Collection NPDCC).
Details of children born to these women were obtained from the National Central Population Register CPRR), which was established in 1968 with all citizens having unique personal identification numbers that permit linkage between registers.
Data were obtained from: (1) all born in 1940 (n = 72,839, and still alive as of January 1, 1977 upon start of the register); (2) all born in 1977 (n = 89,570, all included); and (3) all born in 1996 (n = 74,015, all included).
Fecal samples (>4 g) were obtained from 10 consecutively born calves per farm.
Data were obtained from all preterm infants born between August 2004 and December 2006.
