The simplest continuous-time model for speciation in phylogenetic trees is the Yule process, in which new species are "born" from existing lineages at a constant rate.
"Increasingly people are being born into existing urban environments, and what is alarming to us is that, for far too many children, those environments are extremely harsh," said Mr. Aslam.
He attracted a huge following with speeches indicting the officeholders of the Tammany Hall machine for engorging themselves on bribes and special privileges while "we have hordes of citizens living in want and in vice born of want, existing under conditions that would appall a heathen".
Social life or sociality is natural to the human being because every human being is born into an existing human society.
The Lyon family that Jarre was born into had no existing musical connections.
Co-founder Nicholas Shaw says: "It was a really nice idea born of frustration with existing tools.
Two boys born two years apart, existing in the same four-walled space but orbiting very separate spheres.
Top Gear Live was born out of an existing tour, called MPH, which was fronted by Clarkson, May and Hammond for a number of years.
But because no males have been born since them, and existing law strips women of their royal status when they marry commoners, the imperial family could face a succession crisis one day under current law.
Born of discontent with existing notions and styles, the movement fueled experimentation and reform and shattered the barriers between fine arts (painting, sculpture) and applied arts (ceramics, glassware, furniture, textiles, metalwork).
