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The mean borehole strength and standard deviation of warm multi-year ice is 19.6 ± 7.2 MPa (at − 5 °C) and 10.3 ± 5.3 MPa (at 0 °C).
The ice borehole strength is obtained by categorizing the pressure vs. time histories for each test into one of four main types of failure behavior.
A similar comparison was made for the effective borehole strength, i.e. the strength averaged over all test depths in a particular borehole.
The mean borehole strength and standard deviation of cold (− 13 °C) multi-year ice is 34.2 ± 9.1 MPa, although strengths as high as 49.2 MPa do occur, making multi-year ice nearly twice as strong as cold first-year ice.
For the 64 boreholes examined, the Type 2 failure equation produced an upper bound for the effective borehole strength, but only when ice temperatures had been documented over at least half of the total ice thickness.
The effects of in situ stresses around the borehole, strength of particle bonding and fluid flow pressure on the stability of the formation around the borehole have been investigated.
Similar(49)
Although they carefully selected cores having similar physical properties as rocks at depths of the HFT based on the logging data to estimate appropriate tensile strength of borehole wall at depths of the HFT, it is possible that the tensile strength of rocks at depths of 249 266 m significantly differs from that at a depth of 325 m.
Compressional breakouts (BO) form where differential stresses at the borehole wall exceed the rock strength.
The quality of the HFT results at these holes, especially that of the magnitude of maximum horizontal compression (SHmax), was recently improved by considering the tensile strength of the borehole wall.
In the case of the HFT, the magnitude of SHmax is calculated from the following equation: SHmax = 3S h min - Pb - T - Pp, where Pp, T, and Pp are breakdown pressure, tensile strength of the borehole wall, and pore pressure, respectively.
Considering the behavior of breakout and pore pressure in CK-8 in accordance with rock strength changes, demonstrated that the borehole gets more stable as pore pressure increases.
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