This study aimed to analyze the configurational relationships among maxillary incisors, the alveolar border, and the incisive canal by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Loss of a maxillary incisor affects the morphology of the maxillary alveolar border and, consequently, alters the morphology of the anterior wall of the incisive canal [32].
The locations for implants were as follows: one in the mandibular-symphysis; two or three placed unilaterally into the lower border of the mandible, inferior to the molar teeth; and three placed anteroposteriorly along the incisive bone in the maxilla.
a PP palatal plane; L length of the incisive canal; θ1 and θ2 angles between the palatal plane and axes of the maxillary alveolar border and incisive canal, respectively.
b θ3 angle between the palatal plane and axis of the maxillary left central incisor P: palatal plane L: length of the incisive canal θ1, θ2, and θ3: angles between the palatal plane and axes of the maxillary alveolar border, the incisive canal, and maxillary left central incisor, respectively.
n, r, and o, levels of the nasal opening of the incisive canal, root apex of the maxillary incisor, and oral opening of the incisive canal, respectively.
D distance from the left maxillary incisor to the incisive canal (mm); CSA, area of the incisive canal (mm2) mathrm{S}mathrm{e} = sqrt{left({displaystyle {sum}_{i=1}^nfrac{d_i^2}{2n}}right)}.
