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We also performed maximum parsimony bootstrap analyses on the 3-gene and 5-gene data sets using a parsimony ratchet search strategy [ 57] implemented in PAUP* [ 58].
The results from the Bayesian and bootstrap analyses on the Lobelioideae data set are shown together in Figure 3. Generally, strongly supported relationships were in agreement with, or at least did not contradict, previous phylogenetic analyses [ 7, 8, 10, 18- 21].
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Bootstrap analyses of the maximum parsimony method (based on the full heuristic search with the tree bisection reconnection branch-swapping algorithm) and neighbor joining methods (using p-distances) were also carried out based on 1,000 replications, using PAUP 4.0b10 [27] and Clustal X [28], respectively.
Topology of the resultant tree was evaluated by bootstrap analyses of the neighbour-joining dataset, based on 1000 resamplings [ 37].
RAxML bootstrap analyses on 1,000 replicates have been performed under the PROTMIX algorithm with the WAG amino acid substitution model [ 70].
We conducted preliminary bootstrapping analyses on each dataset with PAUP*4.0b10 in order to identify rogue taxa, which are known to be particularly problematic for supermatrix analyses [ 28, 31, 32].
Phylogenetic analyses and their corresponding bootstrap analyses were performed on the single copy genes, using the maximum likelihood (ML) method using RAxML version 7.6.3 [ 63] with 1000 rapid bootstrap analyses followed by a search of the best-scoring ML tree.
A fast-evolving position removal series followed by rapid ML bootstrap analyses was repeated on the 157-protein data set without the 12 long-branched taxa.
Bootstrap analyses quantified the effects of inter-individual variability in closed area usages.
We evaluated the support for the nodes of the resultant tree clusters by bootstrap analyses based on 100 replicates.
We performed the alignments with Clustal W and constructed evolutionary trees using the neighbor-joining algorithm [ 38] with the Kimura transformation for protein sequences [ 39], and with bootstrap analyses based on 1000 samples.
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