In an English lexical-decision experiment, S similarity had a reverse effect, relative to picture naming: Less semantically similar word pairs were responded to faster, due to such items having more senses, which apparently boosted activation of the lexical representation, leading to speeded responses relative to more semantically similar words (which tend to have fewer senses).
Although cognate effects are typically more prominent in the L2 than in the L1 for unbalanced bilinguals (i.e., bilinguals who are not equally proficient in both languages, and typically are more proficient in the L1), due to the boosted activation of the more dominant L1, L2 cognate effects have also been observed in the L1 (Duñabeitia, Perea, & Carreiras, 2010; Van Assche et al., 2009).
However, at the initial phases, patients with ARDS also often present hemodynamic instability and are at risk of tissue hypoperfusion and even tissue hypoxia, which may further contribute to exacerbation of ARDS by boosting activation of inflammation and coagulation [ 3, 4].
Mechanistically, upregulation of the transcription factor c-Myc is critical in boosting activation-induced glycolysis [ 15]. c-Myc-dependent transcription directly targets several glycolytic enzymes, but is not essential for fatty acid oxidation and OXPHOS.
For example, appear will boost the activation of dis-[VERB] but not un-[VERB] or de-[VERB], while materialize will boost only f de-[VERB].
This leads to the production of many different types of co-stimulatory molecules, which ensures that if one fails to boost the activation of CD8+ T cells, another molecule can do so instead.
It was shown that multivalent antigens efficiently cluster the BCRs and subsequently the clustered BCRs initiate a positive feedback to boost Syk activation, thus extricating the dependence on Src family kinases within the membrane-proximal BCR signalosomes.
These results indicate that PTHRP by itself is a weak activator of the ERK pathway in MCF-7 cells, but that it can boost ERK activation by other growth factors.
Recall that relevant verbs (e.g., appear) boost the activation of all constructions in which they appear even those that score low on relevance (e.g., [SUBJECT] [VERB])—in proportion to their frequency of co-occurrence.
Taken together, this suggests that under instructions to empathize, our psychopathic participants relied more than our control participants on deliberate mechanisms to boost the activation of their own actions, emotions and sensations.
Welten et al. found that other co-stimulatory molecules are able to compensate for the loss of CD80 and CD86 to boost the activation of T cells in response to LCMV, but not the herpes-like virus.
