Vertebrate species with adaptive radiations of bony and cartilaginous features, such as the beaks of finches and jaws of fish, exhibit gene expression patterns and rates of genetic evolution implicating similar genetic pathways (Wnt, BMP, calmodulin) in the development of divergent morphologies that allow adaptation to varied habitats and food sources [ 82, 99, 100, 167, 168].
Although the fossil had previously been classified as a bony fish based on its external features, such as the shape of the skull roof and the enamel on the scales, the CT scan revealed a surprising mosaic of features from both cartilaginous and bony fish.
We aim to classify hand lesions based on MR features such as margin, enhancement and bony involvement.
It shows many typical fish-like features such as scales, in its case bony and rhomboidal in shape.
And that would mean that features such as her large pelvis and lack of a bony headcrest may be defining characteristics of Darwinopterus females.
The most memorable dinosaurs are those with weird and wonderful features, such as hollow crests, huge horns, giant claws, or bony plates in their skin.
Immobilised mouse and chick embryos demonstrate cartilaginous rudiments which are shorter and have poorly-defined morphological features such as condyles or tuberosities, corresponding to reduced chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate, terminal condyles, and bony eminence of the humeral tuberosity under conditions of immobilisation or altered mechanical input.
These features include path based features such as cycle free effective conductance (CFEC), neighborhood features such as preferential attachment.
We extract a set of heterogeneous features such as random walk based features, neighborhood features and common author features.
In contrast, an association between increased bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographic OA has been widely reported (10– 12), and this association appears to be strongest with the bony features of OA, such as osteophytes (13).
