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"Fragments or paste made from cadaver long bones are used in orthopedics to fill in large bony defects following massive trauma or surgical removal of tumors.
This is a far cry, indeed, from the unsatisfactory use of celluloid to restore bony defects of the face by the German surgeon Fritz Berndt in the 1890s.
Bony defects may be present.
Bony defects in the spine are divided into three main types: spondylolysis, pediculolysis, and laminolysis.
Various types of bony defects in the spine have been reported [1, 4, 5, 7].
Therefore, we postponed the reconstruction of the eyelid and the infraorbital bony defects.
Tissue engineering has become a new approach for repairing bony defects.
In patients with bony defects, autologous bone grafts are the "gold standard" for reconstruction.
Skeletal tissue engineering offers a promising alternative for addressing bony defects.
This study suggests that scaffolds containing ECFCs have significant potential for expedited neovascularization in bony defects.
Standardized artificial bony defects were prepared at rat maxillae, and covered with a collagenous bioresorbable membrane.
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