The mechanical properties of the teeth and bone were assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic, with a specific Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio (Table 1).
For finite element analysis, the stem and bone were assumed to be fully bonded without penetration.
The mechanical properties of the tooth, PDL, and alveolar bone were assumed to be linear elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic and defined according to previous studies [ 36, 39], as shown in Table 1.> Ten-node tetrahedral element was adopted in the FE models, and the numbers of the elements and nodes for each component of the model are presented in Table 1.
The bone was assumed to be linear isotropic with a stiffness of 13.4 GPa, and the implants were assumed to be made of titanium with a stiffness of 110 GPa.
As the apparent mechanical properties of bone are assumed to depend on the degree and distribution of mineralization, the goal of the present study was examine the influences of mineral heterogeneity on the biomechanical properties of trabecular bone in the human mandibular condyle.
The bone-screw interfaces were assumed to be fully bonded to simulate intimate bone-screw purchase.
The blood, bone, and muscles were assumed to be 7%, 10%, and 40%, respectively, of the total body weight (Motaleb [2001]).
Fourth, the bone plate interfaces were assumed to be fully bonded without considering loosening of the fixation device.
The artificial cortical bone, artificial cancellous bone, implant, and superstructure were assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic.
