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Periodontium is a group of specialized tissues that surround and support the teeth and maintain them in the maxillary and mandibular bones, and it consists of four principal components: gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone [ 1].
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D1 bone quality was not simulated as it consists of compact bone only.
It can be located in both sacral and iliac bones and consists of an accumulation of mononuclear cells.
It consists of hip bones.
It consists of cancellous bone with irregular cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous tissue.
Mineralized hard tissues (bones and teeth) consisting of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are unique to vertebrates.
Because the fibula is a straight long bone and consists of dense cortical bone along its length, it provides rapid union in a short time between the graft and the recipient bone.
In the zoledronic acid treated grafts this marrow still consisted of bone and it appeared that both graft bone and newly formed bone was retained.
A possible negative to this model is that the fetal bone is mostly woven bone, whereas adult bone consists of mature lamellar bone.
Mature bone ECM contains much less sGAG (less than 1% of bone dry weight) than the ECM of bone marrow and consists predominantly of mineralized collagen [ 7, 8].
At the site of invasion into the adjacent cartilage and bone, the pannus consists mainly of activated fibroblasts.
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