Medial and lateral cross-sectional areas of tibial plateau bone were determined by creating an isotropic volume from the input images that were reformatted in the axial plane.
Although this study is different from the previous studies in that the thickness of the cortical bone and bone density were determined from the voxel values calculated by CBCT, a significantly positive correlation of the thickness of the cortical bone and the voxel values with ITVs and ISQ values was confirmed as in the previous studies.
Anthropometric data (knee height and body height) were obtained by standard protocol, while tibial cartilage volume and defects, as well as bone area were determined from magnetic resonance imaging.
Bone structural parameters were determined from iliac crest biopsies indicating a significant bone loss after pinealectomy that could be attributed to an increase in trabecular separation and decrease in trabecular thickness.
Physical properties, such as handedness, mobility pattern, and development of skeletal musculature, were determined from bone measurement ratios and extent of muscular insertion zones on long bones [ 6, 7].
Transformations between each bone's 3D position and anatomical axes were determined from the CT-based bone models using custom software (based on Open Inventor 5.0, Mercury Computer Systems, Chelmsford, Mass, USA) that was developed to locate specific anatomical landmarks and construct standardized anatomical coordinate systems (Figure 1) [17].
The NMR bound and mobile water changes were determined from cortical bone specimens obtained from normal and disuse turkey bones.
The distance of the connecting bar from bone is determined by the depth of soft tissue in between.
The following parameters were determined from the trabecular bone using a direct three-dimensional approach [40]: total bone marrow volume including the trabeculae (TV; mm3), trabecular bone volume (BV; mm3), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), mean trabecular number (Tb.N; 1/mm), mean trabecular thickness (Tb.Th; mm), and mean trabecular separation (Tb.Sp; mm).
Plastic properties were determined from the dog-bone tensile tests, and were verified by the remaining tests.
