Regenerate bone was assessed using plain radiographs, bone densitometry, and mechanical testing.
Subchondral cortical bone was assessed at the femoral condyles.
Bone loss was assessed from the radiographs by blinded examiners and was used as the standard measure of cumulative periodontal disease.
Bone formation was assessed from the distribution of two calcein labels (7 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd., Gillingham, UK) injected intraperitoneally on the day of loading and 48 h later.
Z-scores were calculated from BMD values using the reference data for bone density for age and sex [ 32] and corrected to bone age which was assessed from X Rays of the left hand [ 33].
Trabecular and cortical bone morphology of the tibia was assessed from the in vivo microCT scans using an isometric voxel size of 11.5 µm for trabecular bone and 21 µm for cortical bone.
The same correlation was not identified when WT1 expression was assessed from bone marrow (BM).
This score evaluates both joint degradation, which was assessed from joint space narrowing and erosion, and new bone formation, which was assessed from periostitis and heterotopic bone.
Finally, femur bones were assessed for histopathological changes.
In another study, 33 structural disease progression was assessed from semiquantitative grading of tibiofemoral cartilage loss and bone marrow lesions.
