In summary, our results support the hypothesis that during periods of nutritional stress the increased vertebral bone volume may be an adaptive mechanism to store mineral which differs from suppressed estradiol resulting from hypothalamic suppression.
Moreover, our recent longitudinal data have suggested that increased patella bone volume may be advantageous to patellofemoral joint health, as increased baseline bone volume was associated with a reduction in the rate of patella cartilage volume loss [ 20].
Increased caudal cranial fossa volume may be associated with active resorption of the supraoccipital bone, which has previously been found in histology specimens from adult CKCS.
We hypothesise that the increased CCF volume may be a result of inner resorption of the overlying occipital bones rather than an increase in its dimensions.
The ZOL-induced increase in bone volume may therefore be a result of elevated endochondral ossification, as this excess matrix is normally resorbed by osteoclasts.
When volume of grafting is qualified to prevent enlargement of the membrane perforation, lack of bone volume may occur in optimal site.
Recent animal experiments have shown that early-stage OA is accompanied by a reduction in bone volume, indicating that the initial subchondral bone resorption may be a crucial factor for OA onset and progression [ 8, 9].
Protective effects of weight-bearing exercise on postmenopausal bone loss may be lost with high training volumes and therefore more research may be required on these vulnerable athletes [24].
For the union of bones, autologous bone transplant is certainly the most rapid and effective method, however, considering the pain in the donor area caused by the surgery, the limited volume of the bone graft, and the additional surgery required for transplant, we believe that osteoblast transplant that achieves bone union may be a successful alternative to autologous bone transplant.
These findings are comparable with the results of previous studies that indicated that jaw bone may be more suitable than iliac crest bone to augment alveolar bone volumes and to provide greater implant survival rates in atrophic ridge [ 34, 35].
This group of patients is probably enriched for the PCS2/luminal A molecular subtypes [1, 2, 7] and, having low Gleason score, low tumor volume, and seldom developed bone metastases, they may be suitable for active surveillance.
