The bone union of femoral defects and the bone volume were higher in the BMPC and BMPF groups than in other groups.
Bone union of both forearms was achieved, and neither subluxation nor dislocation of the distal ulnar heads was observed.
At 13-month follow-up, bone union of both fractures was achieved, and forearm motion was almost restored to normal.
Intraoperative complications, such as femoral fracture, and postoperative complications, such as infection, dislocation, symptomatic pulmonary embolus, bone union of subtrochanteric osteotomy cases, and other implant-related complications such as thigh pain, were examined.
In this study, 2 cases in Group 1 and 3 cases in Group 2 were diagnosed with pseudoarthrosis and underwent repeat surgery; this was according to the condition of the bone union based on the loss of pain before surgery, breakage of the pedicle screw, radiolucency around the pedicle screw, and abnormal motion on flexion and extension radiograph [ 20].
The long-term outcomes (10 years or longer) of long-level instrumented PLF using pedicle screws performed on patients suffering from degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis showed an acceptable bone union rate regardless of the increase of the number of fused segments.
It was demonstrated that electromagnetic fields accelerate the regenerative processes of many types of tissue, including the processes of building up and thickening of bones, shortening the time of postfracture bone union, and the creation of proper union in pseudoarthrosis.
The objective radiographic criteria used to determine bone union were absence of the fibrous interzone and the presence of three of four (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral) well-defined cortices on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs [8].
However, for a long period of time, the low union rate of pseudarthrosis compelled the surgeon to attach great emphasis on the bone union other than the sequelae of CPT, such as LLD, abnormal alignment and stiffness of joint.
