More clinical experience is necessary before plate reconstruction can be recommended over microvascular bone transfer.
This review documents the history of vascularised bone transfer and reflects on the current understanding of blood supply in an effort to define all clinically described osseous flaps.
Nevertheless, the applicability of autologous bone transfer might be limited within the medically compromised patient or because of the complexity of the defect and the required size of the graft to be harvested.
Thereafter reconstruction by free microvascular bone transfer represents nowadays the method of choice in patients with acceptable health status [1 4].
Internal segmental bone transfer and acute shortening and relengthening techniques are the main strategies for the treatment of tibial bone defects with an external fixator.
In bifocal and trifocal transports, strut bars of TSF can interfere with half-pins during bone transfer or axial and rotational corrections.
To avoid the disadvantages that come with autologous bone transfer, such as a second surgical site and an increase in postoperative pain, biomaterial research has focused on the development of bone substitute materials that serve as scaffolds for the ingrowth of bone and its progenitor cells from the surrounding tissue [9].
In addition, a contralateral comminuted fracture interfered with our ability to use the other fibula as a vascularized graft, and it was impossible to perform an internal segmental bone transfer or acute shortening and relengthening as, after debridement of devitalized tissues, the remaining tibial bone stock was poor.
In recent years, methods such as bone grafting, vascularized local or free bone transfer, and distraction osteogenesis have been frequently used.
Uptake of an agent depends on the blood supply, the capillary to bone transfer through extra cellular space and the degree of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.
