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In one group, the cement was pressed into the bone surface using the fingers (surface cementation), and the modular stem was fixed by press fitting; in the other group, cement was used both on the bone surface and around the metaphyseal bone near the modular stem (metaphyseal cementation), and the modular stem was fixed by press fitting, as in the surface cementation group.
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The number of osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive nucleated cells on the bone surface) in the distal femoral epiphysis was counted and divided by the bone surface using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope with Osteomeasure™ software (v.3.2.1.7; Osteometrics Inc., Decatur, GA, USA).
To resorb bone effectively, osteoclasts attach themselves firmly to the bone surface using specialized actin-rich podosomes, which they use to form tightly sealed roughly circular extensions of their cytoplasm with the underlying bone matrix.
Discriminate analysis, a means of determining discrimination between two or more groups, was used along with principal component analysis to rank bone surfaces using statistics captured from populations using IDAS software [ 16].
Compared to the non-loading control, bone formation on the periosteal surface using the combined data for 4 loading groups was significantly enhanced in terms of MS/BS, MAR, and BFR/BS (1.4 x, 1.3 x, and 1.7 x, all p < 0.001).
The morphology characterization results revealed that a natural bone-like nano-porous surface topography has been imparted on the β-phae Ti implant surface using the HAM-EDM.
The resorption surface (Oc.S/BS) was calculated as the ratio of TRAP-positive trabonelar bone surface (Os.S) to the total trabecular bone surface (BS) using the computerized image analysis system MorphoExpert (Exploranova).
Therefore, small-animal F-fluoride PET/CT is a reliable imaging method for in vivo quantification of arthritis-induced bone erosion and bone malformation, correlating with assessment of pathophysiologic bone surface alterations using μCT.
Sand the surface using fine-grit sandpaper.
After determining the surface that leads to the highest nuclear deformation (i.e., P4G4; see Methods- Surface Selection, Nuclear deformation on P4G4 surface) using Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cell line, we tested the P4G4 surface with a pair of cells originating from bone tissue, Saos-2 and human osteoblast like cells (hOB), to evaluate how deformation is influenced by cell type.
Images were analyzed and bone surfaces generated using Microview (version 2.0.29), ImageJ (version 1.41) and VAM (version 0.8.13).
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