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Bone size is a significant determinant of knee cartilage volume and thus a potential confounder [ 38].
This suggests a protective effect of vitamin C on the risk of knee OA since previous studies have suggested that an increase in bone size is a very early response of the knee to known risk factors for knee OA [ 25, 26].
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Bone size is an important determinant of bone strength.
We have previously reported that bone size was an independent predictor of knee cartilage volume [ 23].
However, knee cartilage volume, scoring of cartilage defects and measurements of bone size are all highly reproducible, suggesting that this is unlikely.
Since bone size is determined by skeletal growth, which in turn reflects a contribution of longitudinal and periosteal bone growth, we examined association of the SNPs with other growth-related phenotypes including height, sitting height, leg length, weight and BMI.
Our finding that birth weight is positively associated with subsequent bone size is also supported by DXA-based studies.
The association between the RANK-RANKL-OPG pathway genetic risk score and bone size is consistent with our recent observations in ALSPAC that these markers are related to periosteal expansion as measured by pQCT (29).
Bone lesion size is a factor that is closely intertwined with the question of how to reconstruct the bone integrity and will be discussed below.
Trabecular bone hole size is a two-dimensional measurement of hole area and is computed as the mean area of holes grown [ 25].
Specifically, a higher BMC was noted in females, and a decreased overall bone size was noted in males.
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