The risk of these fractures is determined by skeletal factors, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover, architecture, bone size, and skeletal geometry, together with non-skeletal factors associated with falling.
The skeletal risk factors include BMD, bone turnover, trabecular architecture, bone size, and skeletal geometry, whereas non-skeletal risk factors include postural instability and propensity for falling.
Other traits, such as bone geometry, bone size, and fracture (the outcome of osteoporosis) have also been used in genetic studies of osteoporosis [ 6].
The lead X rays were therefore normalized to the amount of elastic scattering from the bone itself to yield a measurement accuracy that is independent of the distance between the radiation source and the subject, subject positioning, small subject movements, overlying tissue thickness, and bone size, shape, geometry, and density (Todd 2000a, 2000b; Todd and Chettle 1994; Todd and McNeill 1993).
Factors that affect bone strength include bone size (geometry) and bone density (vBMD).
FE analysis of the whole bone was used to examine overall bone mechanical competence, which is related to bone size, geometry and microstructure.
This may be related to the fact that BMD does not capture many factors that influence bone strength, such as bone size, bone geometry, and microarchitecture change [ 48].
We created porous metal and bone cylinders of the same size and geometry and cemented them in a well-established standardized setting.
For example, the size and geometry of the cage determines the initial mechanical stability [ 11, 12].
Any estimation of community size from our work is inherently limited by the size and geometry of our electrode array.
