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These were investigated as alternative measures for height in a large, population based twin sample with the potential to find genes underlying bone size and bone diseases.
In conclusion, we have demonstrated independent effects of birthweight and weight at 1 year on volumetric bone size and bone strength in the seventh decade in both sexes.
DXR MCI is defined as the combined cortical thickness divided by the bone width and is a relative bone measure independent of bone size and bone length.
DXR-MCI is defined as the combined cortical thickness divided by the bone width and is a relative bone measure independent of bone size and bone length [ 10, 11].
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We assumed that looking at the DXA difference between the most affected and contralateral side would correct at least partly for the biological variation in bone sizes and bone density.
Since most studies found normal or increased bone mineral content in obese children [ 20, 21], the main conclusion was that obese children have decreased bone mass relative to bone size and body weight [ 19, 22].
The main outcome measures included new bone size and its bone mineral density (BMD).
The risk of these fractures is determined by skeletal factors, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover, architecture, bone size, and skeletal geometry, together with non-skeletal factors associated with falling.
Replication and further fine mapping of this region is ongoing to determine potential genes influencing bone size and diseases affecting bone.
Fetal muscle contraction is necessary for the normal development of bone size and shape, indicating that bone shape is influenced by the mechanical environment from an early developmental stage [9], [10].
By young adulthood, most men have developed various advantages that protect their bones from fragility fractures compared to women, such as a higher peak bone mass, larger bone size, and greater bone strength.
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