Sentence examples for bone resorption such as from inspiring English sources

Tumor cells produce cytokines that induce osteoclast formation and bone resorption such as interleukin-8 and parathyroid hormone-related protein [2].

Synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include factors regulating bone resorption, such as receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL), TNFα, IL-6, IL-17 and IFNγ.

Bisphosphonates are stable pyrophosphates that prevent the loss of bone mass and are used widely to treat a range of diseases with excess bone resorption, such as bone metastasis, hypercalcemia of a malignancy, and Paget's disease [13 16].

Furthermore, PHP is a cause of extra-skeletal manifestations stemming from increased bone resorption such as hypercalcemia, recurrent nephrolithiasis, renal failure, and mental changes [4].

Osteoblasts respond to this fluid shear stress by controlling expression of proteins involved in bone formation and bone resorption such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (reviewed in [3], [4], [5], [6]) in a process defined as mechanotransduction [7].

These results raised the possibility that PLCγ2 may also participate in pathological bone resorption, such as oestrogen deficiency induced osteoporosis.

It is now well recognized that factors released from bone during resorption, such as TGF-β, can act on cells in the bone marrow to induce the production of osteoclastic stimulating factors or to inhibit osteoblastic new bone formation (Evans et al. 1989; Yin et al. 1999).

Lead is released from bone through resorption, such as occurs with aging, and this contributes to levels found in blood (Hu et al. 1998; Smith et al. 1996).

109 Bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonates, and more recently denosumab, have demonstrated their value as adjunctive therapy in preventing bone loss and reducing disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer.

The osteoblast-specific bone forming markers osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin were decreased in TH mice, whereas osteoclast-driven bone resorption markers such as IL-6 and RANKL were significantly elevated in the bone marrow and blood of TH mice.

It is possible that these changes would appear with time, since our own experience, not only with the Col1a1-Krm2 mice, but also with Calca- or Cckbr-deficient mice for instance, raises the possibility, that severe bone resorption phenotypes, such as osteolyses, rather develop in aged mice [58], [59].