The loss of bone volume and quality due to the lack of mechanical stimuli has been recognized and explained since 1870 by Wolff's Law [ 26].
It has been reported that despite the increase of the number of trabeculae and the bone volume, subchondral bone is hypomineralized and lacks quality due to an abnormal local bone turnover (Li et al. 2013).
These results provide estimates of the error in bone quality measures due to motion artifacts and provide an initial framework for developing standardized quality control criteria for cross-sectional and longitudinal HR-pQCT studies.
The faster healing, with no loss of bone quality, is due to increased metaplastic, direct bone formation and less cartilaginous callus (Gaur et al. 2009).
"Our study was just one example of taking two factors out of the environment, putting them together, and showing that, indeed, the bone quality is poorer due to each of those contributions".
Studies in rodents have led to a model in which decreased bone quality in response to TZDs is due to a competition of lineage commitment between osteoblasts (OBs) and adipocytes (ADs) for a common precursor cell, resulting in decreased OB numbers.
Further studies should assess the effects of swimming on the bone quality in individuals with bone loss due to disuse.
Bone quality refers to topological properties of trabecular microstructure, bone turnover, and composition of bone marrow.
Coralline minerals are biocompatible and have been used as bone substitutes due to their unique and excellent properties, such as osteoconductive quality and high-speed in bone resorption, and since they do not transmit infectious diseases [ 5].
