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Background: Preterm infants are at risk for suboptimal growth and bone mineralization compared to infants born at term but long-term outcomes into early adulthood are unclear.
In particular, the cell differentiation study showed that the 1 3 nanopatterned substratum (width to spacing ratio, defined by the ridge width of 1 3) exhibited the highest bone mineralization compared to other nanopatterned substrata and the flat substratum.
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In terms of sex differences, postmenopausal women are well-known to have a higher risk of osteoporosis due to decreased bone mineralization compared with men.
Biodegradation is compatible (microbial mineralization) compared to other waste management techniques (Schink et al. 1992).
Fgfr2S250W Apert mice and Fgfr3P244R Muenke mice were both previously shown to exhibit craniosynostosis in combination with lower levels of bone formation and/or mineralization when compared to wild type littermates [ 42, 43].
Quantitative backscattered analysis revealed a higher bone matrix mineralization in the oim bones compared to their wild type counterpart (as illustrated by more red/pink pixels in oim mice in Fig. 1).
The distinct dissimilarities in proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, the expression of characteristic genes, and mineralization may aid to explain the differences in bone healing time observed in mandibular bone when compared to long bones of the extremities.
Replacing PRF with its major component fibrin increased mineralization in alveolar bone progenitors when compared to periodontal progenitors, suggesting that fibrin played a substantial role in PRF-induced osteogenic lineage differentiation.
Qualitative analysis of bone histology also revealed an increase in unmineralized osteoid surfaces (Fig. 6E) and diffuse calcein labeling of bone compared to the distinct double labels in wild-type mice (Fig. 6F), indicative of impaired mineralization.
Alizarin red S staining for mineralization (to enable visualization of bone nodules) showed that over this 21-day time course, hypoxia reduced the degree of mineralization as compared to that in osteoblasts cultured under normal oxygen conditions.
43, 44 In vitro studies also showed that ZOL inhibits vitamin D3-induced calcium release and that at effective doses for inhibiting bone resorption, it did not inhibit bone mineralization to any greater degree compared to other bisphosphonates.
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