Sentence examples for bone microenvironment has a from inspiring English sources
Bone microenvironment has a significant role in harboring disseminated tumor cells and a source of late relapse [3].
Thus, ITAM-adapter signaling is not required for estrogen-deficient bone loss in the trabecular rich regions of long bones, indicating that these bone microenvironments have an ITAM-adapter independent mechanism to generate active osteoclasts.
8 The bone microenvironment has become an important focus of basic and clinical research efforts.
Hierarchical structure mimicking the natural bone microenvironment has been considered as a promising platform to regulate cell functions.
PTHrP production by tumor cells in the bone microenvironment has been shown to promote osteoclastic activity and contribute to osteolytic bone metastases [ 5].
In recent years, the idea that osteolytic bone metastasis is driven by intricate cellular and molecular interactions among tumor cells and the host stromal cells commonly found in the bone microenvironment has drawn much attention.
As recently demonstrated, the bone marrow microenvironment has a lower oxygen concentration than other tissues, and stem cells are localized within the hypoxic regions [20], thereby indicating that hypoxia may be crucial for the maintenance of stem cells.
The bone marrow microenvironment has a dominant role in upregulation of Pim-2 in MM.
Transgenic mice over-expressing noggin in the bone microenvironment have decreased trabecular bone volume and impaired osteoblastic function, leading to osteopenia and fractures [ 20].
As tumour microenvironment has a critical role in tumour aggressiveness and androgen sensitivity is a key feature of CaP cells, it is plausible that bone metastases contribute to the emergence of CRPC.
Laboratory and preclinical studies have shown that intracellular regulatory proteins and functional interactions between MM cells and the bone-marrow microenvironment have a pivotal role in the growth, survival, drug resistance, and malignant progression of MM cells.
