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This 'test set' included bone metastasis samples from prostate (6), breast (3), kidney (2) and squamous cell (2) adenocarcinomas as well as normal bone samples from corresponding patients prepared, profiled and predicted as a separate validation cohort (Table 1).
Moreover, Véronique et al. found that CCN3 was highly expressed in bone metastasis samples from breast cancer patients.
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An immunohistochemistry study on normal prostate tissues, primary tumors, and bone metastasis samples obtained from patients revealed that CCN3 expression levels were higher in patients with bone metastasis and positively correlated with malignancy in human prostate cancer cells.
Tumor cells were found in 13 (68.4%) bone metastasis samples and in nine (47.4%) bone marrow biopsies.
To evaluate the specificity of BST2 expression in breast cancer with bone metastasis, 86 serum samples from patients previously diagnosed with and without bone metastasis by bone scan were determined by ELISA.
However, in the bone metastasis biopsy sampled after three courses of EOX, ERBB2 was homogenously amplified.
In six cases (31.6%), malignant cells were identified in both bone metastasis and bone marrow samples from the same patient.
As mentioned above, the SBC-3 cell line was established from a bone metastasis and not from a primary site.
It is widely accepted that the osteolytic reaction in bone metastasis results from an excess of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
The establishment of bone metastasis results from close interaction between metastatic tumor cells and the unique environment of the bone and bone marrow [ 18].
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): the human cell line VCaP derived from a hormone-refractory bone metastasis was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; CRL-2876, Wesel, Germany).
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