Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OHAP, HAP) is a calcium phosphate salt and being used as an artificial bone material due to its biocompatibility, bioactivity, osteoconductivity, nontoxicity, nonimmunogenicity, and noninflammatory behavior.
Porous mesopore bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds are proposed as potential bone regeneration materials due to their excellent bioactivity and drug-delivery ability.
Nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite (HAP) surface-grafted with poly l-lactide) (poly l-lactideshows a wide aPLLAcation for bone fixation materials due to its improved interface compatibility, mechanical property and biocompatibility in our previous study.
Porous mesopore-bioglass (MBG) scaffolds have been proposed as a new class of bone regeneration materials due to their apatite-formation and drug-delivery properties; however, the material's inherent brittleness and high degradation and surface instability are major disadvantages, which compromise its mechanical strength and cytocompatibility as a biological scaffold.
Calcium phosphate minerals are mostly known as bone substitutive materials due to their outstanding biocompatibility [10].
The bioceramics have disadvantages of being brittle, and the composites of calcium phosphate ceramic with a protein-based polymer were of interest as the bone tissues repair materials due to their better mechanical properties as well as having adequate biological properties.
Nanophase ceramics, especially nano-HA, are popular bone substitutes, coatings and other filler materials due to their documented ability to promote mineralization.
In this respect, calcium phosphates are elective materials, due to their composition close to that of mineral bone.
Mg Zn scaffolds are potential biodegradable materials due to their attractive biological properties and applications in bone tissue engineering.
For bone tissue engineering especially CaP-ceramics or cements and bioactive glass are suitable implant materials due to their osteoconductive properties.
