Current bone substitute approaches are still limited in effectiveness and to date no adequate bone substitute material has been developed for routine clinical application.
A multifunctional fluorescent composite bone scaffold material has been produced utilizing a biodegradable polymer, poly l-lactic acid) (poly l-lactictacidylamine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA).
NovaBone (Alachua, Florida) as a bone-filler material has been used for the treatment of periodontal disease.
To our knowledge this is the first time that a demineralized ECM material has been produced from bone.
Critical sized bone defects in long or cranial bones are the next step once the biocompatibility of the material has been established [ 31, 32, 50, 51].
Implant materials based on calcium phosphate, biodegradable polymers, and composites, partly in combination with growth factors, bone marrow, or mesenchymal stem cells, are currently being studied as alternatives, but until now none of the synthetic bone graft materials has been generally accepted [ 6– 11].
Although the crucial role of inorganic fillers in heterotopic bone formation by such materials has been shown, no reports have been published on the potential effects the polymer phase may have.
Several bone grafting techniques and novel bone graft materials have been devised to accomplish this, including conventional horizontal ridge augmentation methods of using either or both particulate and block bone graft materials in guided bone regeneration (GBR).
Consequently, numerous bone grafting materials have been investigated.
