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Moreover, BMD measurement using DEXA is justified for male subjects at any age in the presence of a risk factor for low bone mass, such as low body weight, high-risk medication use, or a disease or condition associated with bone loss.
This subset of OCPs expressing CD14 and CD16 was previously described in inflammatory diseases characterized by loss of bone mass, such as psoriatic arthritis [25].
An unfilled clinical need of increasing bone mass such as nonunions of bone fracture indicated that unknown types of cells are involved in bone formation [5].
Currently, an antibody to sclerostin is under development as a bone anabolic therapeutic for diseases of low bone mass such as osteoporosis [ 51].
Loss of function of the Wnt co-receptor, LRP5, have been shown to lead to disorders of decreased bone mass, such as Osteoporosis Pseudoglioma Syndrome (OPS) [ 7].
Subsequently, gain-of-function mutations of the LRP5 have been shown to be associated with disorders of increased bone mass, such as Van Buchem's disease, osteopetrosis, and endosteal hyperostosis [ 9- 11].
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Second, BMI has been criticized as a measure of adiposity because it does not distinguish between fat and fat-free mass such as muscle and bone (Romero-Corral et al. [2006]).
Indeed reduced or inadequate blood flow has been linked to impaired fracture healing and old age related low bone mass disorders such as osteoporosis.
Sixteen patients with known causes of bone mass abnormalities, such as renal failure, thyroid dysfunction, alcoholism, long-term anticoagulant use and ankylosing spondylitis were excluded.
RANK, RANKL, and OPG are known to be involved in different biological pathways that are important for bone mass regulation, such as the RANKL pathway, the TNF-R1 signaling pathway and the TRAIL pathway [ 103].
We took a different approach to those previously found in the literature, as we studied a group of adolescents rather than young adults, and tried to exclude those factors known to interfere with bone mass acquisition, such as tobacco and alcohol use.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com