This strain is transmitted to the bone cells (osteoblasts, bone lining cells, and osteocytes), which are well suited to sense load changes due to their physical connections.
This fluid flow creates shear stress on the plasma membrane of osteocytes, bone lining cells, and osteoblasts, which therefore respond accordingly [ 20].
The BRC seems to be connected to bone lining cells on bone surface, which in turn are in communication with osteocytes enclosed within the bone matrix [ 13, 14].
Bone remodeling is a multicellular and multispatial event that takes place with the close cooperation among the cells that constitute the so-called basic multicellular unit (BMU), which includes osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes embedded in the bone matrix, the bone lining cells, and the capillary blood supply (reviewed in [ 21]).
Bone lining cells lineup the resting surface.
Mainly there are four categories of bone cells called osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells.
The endosteal surface of bones is covered not only by a heterogeneous cell population called bone lining cells [11], [24], but also by actively bone-producing osteoblasts [24].
Bone lining cells appear microscopically as relatively undifferentiated cells that line the bone.
Bone lining cells are quiescent flat-shaped osteoblasts that cover the bone surfaces, where neither bone resorption nor bone formation occurs [ 50].
Cells of osteoblastic origin, including osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells are believed to act as mechanosensors in bone tissue.
