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Bone lining cells lineup the resting surface.
There was a strong association between radiation-induced marrow cell death and activation of bone lining cells to express the osteoblast phenotype (Pearson correlation − 0.85, p < 0.0001).
Bone lining cells have the capability to form bone, following no former bone resorption, in reaction to bone anabolic agents and may govern mineral homeostasis with the composite of osteoblasts and osteocytes (Kerschnitzki et al. 2013).
In summary, radiation-induced death of marrow cells is associated with 1) a transient increase in bone formation due, at least in part, to activation of bone lining cells, and 2) an increase in bone resorption due to increased osteoclast perimeter.
The endosteal surface of bones is covered not only by a heterogeneous cell population called bone lining cells [11], [24], but also by actively bone-producing osteoblasts [24].
However, osteoblast lineage cells that are found within the subendosteal niche include osteoprogenitor cells, quiescent bone lining cells, and active osteoblasts [11], [24].
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Bone lining cell are the compressed and elongated inactive osteoblasts and cover the resting bone surface.
Once the bone surface is restored, mature osteoblasts can undergo apoptosis or terminally differentiate into either bone surface lining cells or osteocytes, which are embedded in the calcified matrix and are responsive to mechanical stresses [ 42].
Once bone formation is achieved, osteoblasts apoptosis leads them either to osteocytes or to transform to bone surface lining cells.
The study highlights the presence of stem cells in the dental follicle, their potential to differentiate into bone line cells and to adhere and differentiate into osteoblasts on different types of titanium surfaces.
This observation suggests that stromal cells in the marrow may be a more important source of new bone than lining cells on trabecular surfaces.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com