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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bonded orthodontic retainers have an adverse long-term effect on the marginal bone levels of the mandibular front teeth.
The convex profile on the facial aspect, Jemt papilla index, facial mucosal level, marginal bone level, proximal bone levels of the adjacent teeth, and surgical/prosthetic complications were evaluated before surgery as the baseline, and then reevaluated at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.
Cortical and cancellous bone density was measured at the interradicular areas at the alveolar and basal bone levels of the maxilla and mandible, and the data was subjected to statistical analysis for comparisons.
Approximated mean bone degradation was calculated by subtracting the mean bone level of the nonligated control group from the mean bone levels of the ligature-treated groups.
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A William's periodontal probe was used to measure the pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bone level of the buccal and mesial surfaces of the second molars.
Groups were further subdivided and separated at an initial bone level of 4 mm, above which the sinus lift procedure is considered a relative indication for achievement of primary stability [16].
The bone level of 7 mm was chosen since severe [ 19] and extensive [ 20] periodontal diseases are described by CAL of >5 7 mm corresponding to a marginal (AC-CEJ) and radiographic bone level (RBL) ≥7 mm.
The distance from the marginal bone level to the upper edge of the implant was measured (in mm) at the mesial and distal implant surfaces and related to the implant thread.
We evaluated 3D movement of the maxillary anterior teeth and alveolar bone levels, root length of the central incisors, long axes of the maxillary canines, and occlusal plane changes from CBCT images.
Radiographic analysis was performed in order to evaluate alveolar bone levels throughout the course of experimental diabetes.
This conclusion well fits with findings in rodents that, in the bone marrow, levels of CXCL12, the ligand of CXCR4 are lowest during the rest period 45.
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