Sentence examples for bone lead has a from inspiring English sources

Because bone lead has a half-life of years to decades, infants will continue to be at risk for exposure long after environmental sources of lead have been abated.

Because bone lead has a half-life of years to decades, the higher blood lead levels observed in eastern versus western region reflect differences in current exposure, but may also reflect some differences in past exposure, or both.

Because bone lead has a half-life of years to decades, women and their infants will continue to be at risk for exposure long after environmental sources of lead have been abated.

Prenatal lead exposure has adverse influences on infant birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes across a wide range of exposure (Bellinger 2005; Hu et al. 2006), and maternal bone lead has been shown to be an independent risk factor (Gomaa et al. 2002; Gonzalez-Cossío et al. 1997; Hernández-Avila et al. 2002).

An association between bone disease and bone lead has been reported.

Instead, more recently, bone lead has become the biologic marker of choice to assess long-term lead exposure (Landrigan 1991).

The 1-month postpartum maternal tibia and patella bone lead had median [interquartile range (IQR)] values of 9.3 (3.3–16.1) and 11.6 (4.5–19.9) μg/g, respectively.

Tibia bone is primarily cortical bone, in which lead has a lower turnover rate estimated at a half-life of > 20 years in previous studies (Kim et al. 1997), which makes it a good surrogate for lifetime exposure.

However, in adults, most lead (approximately 95%) is stored in bone, and this lead has a long half-life of years to decades depending on the bone type.

Certainly, lead and calcium in bone have similar chemical properties and the substitution by lead for calcium in hydroxyapatite crystal [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] in bone tissue may result in a spurious increase in bone density when measured by DEXA because lead has a higher atomic number and attenuation coefficient than does calcium.

In this large case control study with biomarker data on cumulative exposure to lead and more than twice as many cases as the only previous study with such biomarker data (Coon et al. 2006), we found increasing odds of PD with increasing tibia (cortical) bone lead, which has a half-life of decades (Kim et al. 1997).