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We observed less bone in the secondary spongiosa of mutant mice, with trabeculae that were thinner and poorly connected to each other compared to wild-types [5].
While most previous studies focused on analyses of trabecular bone in the secondary spongiosa, there are very few reports describing the changes in trabecular bone at the other two sites under physiological and pathological conditions.
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At the distal femoral site, we observed that the most drastic bone loss occurred in the secondary spongiosa immediately followed by the primary spongiosa, while, surprisingly, there was only modest bone loss in the subchondral region.
In contrast, bone mineral volume in the secondary spongiosa was stable over the ages examined; however, trabecular architecture underwent consolidation as trabecular number decreased and trabecular thickness increased.
This increase in trabecular bone was noted in the secondary spongiosa and did not extend to the diaphysis (Figure S1).
Histomorphometric analysis of the bone structure was performend in the secondary spongiosa consisting of lamellar bone which represents homogeneous bone tissue.
Some MM cells, such as INA6 cells, grow also on the outer surface of the injected (that is, primary) implanted bone and can be detected in the secondary implanted bone after a relatively long period of time (>10 weeks).
Since it is well known that CIA causes periarticular bone loss, as well as articular bone destruction, the secondary spongiosa in the tibial metaphysis was also analyzed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and μCT reconstruction images.
Osteoclasts were readily identified in the metaphyses of ptpn11 fl/fl control bone as well as in the secondary spongiosa (Fig. 6A,C).
Histological analysis of bone sections confirmed less MM cell infiltration in the secondary bones of the BTK-KD group than of the control group.
AIA resulted in a highly significant decrease in trabecular bone volume of the secondary spongiosa of the right tibia head (periarticular bone of the arthritic joint; p < 0.001, Figures 2A and 3B).
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