Histologically intense bone formation was observed in both experimental groups with cell transplants only.
Ectopic bone formation was observed only in the pMiw-BMP4 electroporation group.
Two months later the bone formation was observed by gross inspection and histological examination.
An increasing degradation (81% after 52 weeks) of the ceramic with concomitant bone formation was observed.
After 4 weeks of implantation, clear de novo bone formation was observed on all discs with cultured cells.
By contrast, no significant difference in bone formation was observed when PLA/PGA and CPC were compared to autografts.
Bone formation was observed in quadriceps muscle with both rhBMP-2-loaded carriers at both pH values.
After 8 and 16 weeks, host tissue infiltrated well into the scaffolds, but no mature bone formation was observed in any scaffolds groups.
Bone nodule formation, a typical early indicator of bone formation was observed on chitosan polygalacturonic acid–hydroxyapatite (Chi PgA HAP) nanocomposite films without the use of differentiating media.
Furthermore, we have performed in vivo study of HA-fucoidan nanocomposites with rabbit model and a slight amount of bone formation was observed in HA-fucoidan nanocomposites.
Although no bone formation was observed in in vivo experiments, in vitro spleen-derived stromal cells were able to deposit a mineralized matrix.
