The enhanced bone formation was not limited to embryonic long bone development, but was also observed during ectopic endochondral ossification in adult ASK1 KO mice and WT mice treated with NQDI-1.
The results of our study are of interest not only in the context of fracture healing and bone development, but will also provide useful information for all fields of research that use the sheep as a model organism.
Loss of TAF7L also led to activation of select genes in the formation of cartilage and bone development, but the majority of up-regulated genes appear to be involved in skeletal muscle development and function.
As one of the major sources of skeletal progenitor cells, the periosteum plays a crucial role not only in bone development and growth, but also during bone fracture healing.
The RANK receptor is a TNF superfamily member with critical roles in mammary, bone and lymph node development, but also in breast cancer initiation progression and metastasis.
Unexpected roles of Vhl in spermatogenesis, thymus cell survival, and bone development have also been reported with conditional loss of pVHL [25], [26], [27].
OSM has been found to enhance the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts during bone development and also induces the formation of osteoclasts and bone erosions [ 15- 17].
In addition, this work also demonstrates for the first time in vivo that Runx2, a key regulator of bone development, could also have a functional role in epithelial tissue.
