In this combined model, the induction of systemic and subchondral osteoporosis associated with increased bone remodeling resulted in worse cartilage damage compared with control animals.
Post-traumatic OA was induced using a surgical model, and a variety of investigative tools were employed to show that the induction of systemic and subchondral osteoporosis and increased bone remodeling resulted in enhanced cartilage damage compared with control animals.
While Dirschl et al., have found similar results and early detriment to fracture healing with high-pressure pulsatile lavage (HPPL), others have reported that HPPL has a similar effect on bone damage when compared with low-pressure irrigation and does not drive the bacteria further into the surrounding tissues [ 14, 21, 26].
That included $300 million in damages, compared with actual damages of $287 million, Mr. Cirigliano said, plus $2.2 billion in cleanup costs.
The histology of ankle joints from CIA mice showed severe proliferation of synovium with significant inflammatory cell infiltration, pannus invasion, cartilage damage and bone resorption compared with normal mice, while joints from THR0921-treated mice showed mild synovial hyperplasia with less inflammatory cell infiltration, no pannus formation, and little cartilage and bone damage.
Consequently, a greater implant surface area is required to obtain a similar amount of bone-implant contact in soft bone compared with denser bone quality.
Interestingly, we found that the increased severity of arthritis seen in the absence of IFN-γ and IL-4 was associated with increased bone and cartilage damage as compared with the anti-IFN-γ only group, despite the fact that both groups showed a similar degree of synovitis and inflammatory infiltrate.
Mice with CIA had a significant reduction in bone density and bone volume when compared with control animals, which was verified at necropsy (severe trabecular damage accompanied by cartilage destruction).
The predicted damage was compared with the damage observed in a used target vessel.
