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We conclude that the ideal distance from the base of the contact point to the bone contact at the implant and to the bone contact at the adjacent tooth in both groups is <6 mm.
The femur was then gradually shortened using the compression distraction device on the fixator until bone contact at the edges of the osteotomy was achieved.
Calcium phosphate provides direct bone contact at the implant-bone interface and guide bone formation along their surfaces by formation of a biological apatite layer [ 52].
Similar(57)
However, the bone-to-bone contact force at the MCP joint varies between 9.1 and 13.8 times the applied load, which is lower than the range (14.7 27.1) reported by An et al. [ 21].
Also, the predicted bone-to-bone contact forces at the DIP and PIP joints range from 8.0 to 14.6 times the applied load, which is in broad agreement with the data presented by An et al. [ 21].
The distance between the implant shoulder and first bone-implant contact at the mesial and distal aspect of each implant was measured (implant length as reference) by the first author (WR), and the mean values per implant were calculated [37] 1 and 2 years after loading.
Evaluations of the stained sections in the control animals revealed a high grade of direct bone contact of the titanium-coated screw at both the cortical and the medullary interface, without any signs of osteolysis).
Bone contact increases the effective diameter of the fracture to obtain a good cross-sectional area of bone at the future union site [5, 22, 29].
In the HA-TI group, the new bone contacted the coating of the implant directly, and no fibrous tissue or gaps were observed at the bone implant interface.
For all fixation types the occurring stresses at the screw-bone contact areas pulled at the screws and exceeded the allowable threshold of 1.2 MPa for at least one screw surface.
Subsequently, each needle was carefully advanced anteriorly and cranially until bone contact was made with the facetal column at the target point.
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