The limits and interrelationships of galliform families have been determined on the basis of general body proportions, muscle and bone configurations, plumage, clutch size and egg characteristics, the appearance of the young, and some aspects of behaviour.
The Australian scincid clade Lerista is pre-eminent among these, comprising more than 75 species displaying at least 20 distinct limb bone configurations, from that considered plesiomorphic for squamates (pentadactyl, with phalangeal formulae of 2.3.4.5.3 and 2.3.4.5.4 for the manus and pes, respectively) to entirely limbless [ 10, 11].
Direct tensile tests were performed using a classical dog-bone configuration.
In addition, modified direct tensile tests using a new dog-bone configuration and an indirect tensile test (Brazilian test) were carried out and compared.
This surprising behaviour is supported by the calculation of the polygonization and especially of the self-collapse diameters, and related dog-bone configurations, of nanotubes in a bundle, in agreement with atomistic simulations and nanoscale experiments.
Several factors are related to load distribution in cementless implants; stem geometry, stem – bone interface configuration, and osseointegration [ 13].
This hip bone geometry configuration results in lower estimates of femoral narrow neck instability and no differences in bending strength.
Histologically, the sham nonovariectomized group showed a normal bone cell configuration with more osteocytes and minimal osteoblastic activity compared to ovariectomized, nontreated group.
In addition, the most appropriate degradation rates for obtaining the best healing performance for specific bone fracture configurations have been suggested.
