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If the examination is performed to assess destructive bone changes such as erosions, then i.v. contrast medium enhancement is not mandatory.
Data from large animal models have shown that subchondral bone changes such as the upward migration of the subchondral bone plate, intralesional osteophytes, subchondral bone cysts, and a generalized impairment of the osseous microarchitecture below the defect persist for a longer period of time than previously acknowledged (Orth et al. 2013a).
It may be that altered biomechanics or mechanical effects due to plantar plate abnormalities cause bone changes such as oedema.
Further, in radiographically normal tibiofemoral knee joints, subchondral bone changes, such as bone marrow lesions (BMLs) on MRIs, are common.
As such, it is not surprising that bone changes, such as increased tibial plateau area and bone turnover, occur early in OA [ 3, 4].
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Acute bone marrow changes such as edema were seen in 63 bones, 13 of these were stress fractures with a low-signal-intensity fracture line identifiable on MRI.
Moreover, we identified possible predictors of bone turnover changes (such as age, HIV RNA, ATV/r co-administration and kidney function) which may help identify most-at-risk patients.
With age, the bone marrow undergoes structural changes, such as the reduced proportion of active blood-forming bone marrow and the decreased overall cellularity.
Scientists often invoke adaptations to a changing climate and environment to explain morphological changes such as bone size and shape in hominids.
MRI can, however, also detect sequelae of inflammation consisting of fatty deposition in the bone marrow and chronic structural changes such as erosion and fusion of vertebral bodies [15].
Targeting the articular recess instead of the radiological joint space (Fig. 1) is optimal when the latter is not accessible due to overlapping normal bone structures or severe degenerative changes such as osteophytes (Fig. 2), and may help to avoid patient manipulation and tube angulation [3].
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