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Subchondral bone changes are associated with the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) (Radin and Rose 1986, Burr 1998, 2004).
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The same bone changes were associated with structural severity in cross-sectional unadjusted analyses [ 34, 49, 50, 54, 123].
These changes are associated with increased total body fat, reduced lean muscle mass and reduced bone mineral density [ 17, 19– 22].
These changes were associated with enhanced cortical bone formation, as shown by elevated endocortical mineral apposition rate (MAR) (Figure 2e, 2f).
These data were in agreement with those of Steffen et al. who showed that the necrotic changes were associated with appositional new bone formation and marrow fibrosis [ 14].
In addition, the TMP treatment resulted in the decreased bone destruction in the femoral head, and these changes were associated with higher BV/TV and Tb.N.
These changes were associated with decreased Runx2 expression, increased PPARγ expression, and impaired hedgehog signaling as evidenced by decreased Gli2 expression in bone and osteoblast cultures.
We evaluated the associations between bone marrow lesion (BML) volume change and changes in periarticular bone mineral density (paBMD) as well as subchondral sclerosis to determine whether BML change is associated with other local bone changes.
Week 4 (an early time point) CRP change was associated with later changes at week 12 in synovitis and bone oedema/osteitis, but not bone erosion, RAMRIS scores.
This change was associated with an increase in the extent (mineralizing surface) and speed (mineral apposition rate) of bone formation (Figure 3c, 3d).
Meniscal damage and bone changes are the features most closely associated with the greatest subregional cartilage volume loss.
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