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Thereafter another technique in which an anterior reinforcement is performed by bone cement through the posterior approach is described.
The operator has limited time available to deliver the bone cement through the spinal cannula into the body.
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The diffusion theory relies on the presence of pores and interconnected channels in bone cement, through which the circulating medium penetrates and dissolves the incorporated antibiotics which then slowly diffuse outwards [ 77].
In the present study, the amount of bone cement, the shape of the cavity and the distance between bone cement and cortex were standardized.
In the present study, the amount of bone cement, the shape of cavity and the distance between bone cement and cortex were standardized.
In an attempt to reduce such invasive operative treatment, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) was developed in 1984 by Galibert and Déramond [ 50] in France as a minimally invasive outpatient procedure to offer immediate pain relief by the injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement into the vertebral body through a transpedicular approach.
Secondly, epinephrine can reduce the absorption reaction of the bone cement monomer against the toxic effects of bone cement monomer through constricting blood vessels.
The mechanical properties of implanted bone cements depend on the chemistry of the bone cement and on the mixing method (Lewis 1997).
The behavior and the increase in temperature of bone cement depend on the local temperature where the cement is used.
The bone cement was injected continuously until the leaked bone cement flooded the margin of the vertebral body; the amount of injected bone cement depended on the amount of leaked bone cement.
FTIR spectra of the bone cement and the bisphosphonate-enriched bone cement are shown in Fig. 4.
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