Sentence examples for bone cells has from inspiring English sources
Bone tissue engineering combining three-dimensional porous scaffolds and bone cells has been widely studied as an attractive approach in the treatment of malfunctioning or lost tissue [1].
Stress conditioning (e.g., thermal, shear, and tensile stress) of bone cells has been shown to enhance healing.
Contrary to autophagy, apoptosis in bone cells has been well studied and is a key process in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Our previous work in bone cells has shown that numerous signal transduction cascades, such as ERK and Protein Kinase C delta (PKCδ), can influence gene expression downstream of Cx43 [ 32, 33, 37].
But in recent years traces of soft tissue, such as blood vessels and bone cells, have been found in some dinosaur fossils.
A significant body of evidence has been published over the last 10 years indicating that all major bone cells have the capacity to metabolise 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) to 1,25(OH)2D3, which in turn exerts autocrine/paracrine actions to regulate bone cell proliferation and maturation as well as bone mineralisation and resorption.
Experiments using leptin directly on bone cells have shown no effect on bone remodeling, however intracerebroventricular leptin infusion into leptin-deficient mice leads to an effect on bone mass via the nervous system [29].
Although the molecular functions of ERRα in bone cells have not been determined, osteopontin (opn), an inhibitor of bone mineralization [24] [30], has been identified as a positive ERRα transcriptional target [31] [33].
Direct signals between bone cells have recently been implicated as being important for regulating bone remodeling.
Now the interactions between cells of the immune system and bone cells have redefined our thinking on the regulation of bone resorption.
Bone cells have been extensively studied in vitro both in space and on ground using different devices to simulate microgravity to conclude that microgravity alters the morphology of these cells [ 24], impairs the differentiation of osteoblasts [ 25], and increases the activity of osteoclasts [ 8].
