After curettage, the bone cavity may be filled by bone grafts (autologous or allogenic) [13, 14, 16, 21, 31] or methylmethacrylate [10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22], or may be left empty [14, 15].
The particular location of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis in the oral cavity may be attributable to the exposure of these bone structures to the environment through the gingival sulcus, which may facilitate bone infection and progression to osteomyelitis [ 6, 9, 20, 48].
The same cavity may be used for several nesting seasons.
Old, well-rotted cavities may be enlarged slightly.
Limited bone and bone marrow injury may be one explanation for the lower peak levels of CRP that were observed after both hip and knee arthroplasty without medullary cavity disturbance in the same region.
With progressive disease, bone erosion may be seen as well as findings external to the sinonasal cavity, such as retroantral soft tissue thickening.
Resorption is produced by clusters of osteoclasts that either erode free bone surfaces or form "cutting cones" that tunnel through compact bone and create the cylindrical cavities that may be subsequently filled by osteons.
This is of interest as MSCs from other adipogenic sources have often been shown to be inferior to ICBMA in forming bone [12,13] and this may be related to the intra-osseous location of MSCs in long-bone cavities.
The oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx may be filled with blood, secretions, soft tissue, and bone fragments, all of which preclude a good view of the vocal cords.
Membrane-derived collagen fibers may trap some osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins, transforming growth factors, insulin-like growth factors, and fibroblast growth factors that can be easily released from the bone matrix when the artificial bone cavity was prepared.
Cavity polaritons are particularly promising as they may be confined and subjected to synthetic magnetic fields controlled by cavity geometry3, and furthermore they benefit from increased robustness due to the cavity enhancement in light matter coupling.
