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The program automatically refined the initial bone border to identify more precisely the bone boundaries.
Several artifacts including beam hardening and inhomogeneity and truncation influence image contrast and bone border definition in CBCT [ 28– 31].
Once the template of the 3 regions was applied and positioned on the first scan, the template was "locked" to the bone border and could be copied from the baseline scan to subsequent scans, thus facilitating similar positioning of ROIs in follow-up investigations.
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Parietal bone borders were manually defined within micro-CT images in order to segment the parietal region.
The surangular is an elongated element (∼59.1 cm) composed of a lateromedially- flattened anterior sheet of bone bordered dorsally by expanded lateral and medial surangular shelves.
Remarkably, new bone formation at the bone borders occurs simultaneously with inflammation-induced loss of trabecular bone leading to osteoporosis [ 4, 5].
We then excluded knees that had imaging artifact (for example, motion) or the bone segmentation program failed to delineate the bone borders (n = 442).
The bone close to the fracture gap showed signs of recent remodeling: the osteons were interrupted by new woven bone bordering the fracture gap.
BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, and SMI were also analysed within a subregion of trabecular bone bordering the defect enclosed in a circular stripe of 0.45 mm and excluding the central cavity.
The visits to the ER grow more frequent as the months of high-dose steroids manifest: He's left with low bone density; border lining on osteoporosis.
In this study, the control group showed new bone deposition bordering the graft (Fig. 7d).
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