In addition, we analyzed bone mineral content (BMC) and projected bone area in these regions.
Patients with avascular necrosis (AVN) in the knee and other joints, and osteochondritis dissecans in a demarcated bone area; patients with BME secondary to osteoarthritis, mechanical stress or trauma; and patients with algodystrophy and corticosteroid medication at initial presentation were excluded.
Moreover, the bone area is increased in patients with OA compared with those without OA [ 27], and the area increases over time in those with OA [ 15].
All patients with AS showed different degrees of interstitial bone marrow edema in histopathological analysis: in two patients with AS, interstitial edema was present in 10% of the total bone marrow area, in two patients it was present in 20%, in two patients in 30% and in two patients in 60% (Table 1).
Vacca et al (1999) were the first to demonstrate a significant increase in bone marrow angiogenesis (evaluated as microvessel area) in patients with active multiple myeloma (MM) compared with patients with nonactive MM and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
No patients had any clinical symptoms; nor was any necrotic bone area visible in plain radiographs.
We assessed patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) for serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), bone alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptide (NTx), osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, and trabecular bone area (TBA) in bone marrow (BM) specimens before and after treatment with dasatinib.
Subsequently, the percentage of bone (bone area %) in the porous area of the specimen was calculated by bone area/porous area.
The application of this knowledge to selectively correct areas of reduced bone projections in patients with deficiencies either inherent or due to aging is discussed.
TRAP-positive multinucleate cells are present in the bone erosion area of patients with RA [ 18] and also in the bone erosion area of a mouse arthritis model [ 19, 20].
