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Exact(2)
GDP-linked bonds transfer that risk to the lender, who would naturally demand higher interest in return.
ECB purchases of peripheral countries' bonds transfer risk from debtor to creditor states, prompting opposition from the Bundesbank and voters in creditor countries.
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(2) The effective length is a quantity proportional to the length of the bond transfer zone.
The effective length is a quantity proportional to the length of the bond transfer zone.
This mechanism continues until the tensile forces developed through bond transfer are insufficient to produce additional cracks.
In order to evaluate the Mode II bond transfer between stainless steel (SS) and concrete, an experimental program including two different bonding techniques was idealized.
Time evolution of prestress loss and bond transfer length holds vital information concerning long-term performance of pretensioned prestressed concrete.
Since the failure mode of the FRP-concrete interface involves shearing the concrete directly below the bond, the ultimate strength or bond transfer strength is proportional to ( f^{prime }_{c} ) or ( sqrt{f^{prime }_{c} }).
It is the length needed to develop peeling strength if the shear stress is uniformly distributed; The bond transfer strength is limited by the concrete and is proportional to √( f^{prime }_{c} ).
It is the length needed to develop peeling strength if the shear stress is uniformly distributed; (3) The bond transfer strength is limited by the concrete and is proportional to √( f^{prime }_{c} ). (4) Stiff bond layers are not ideal for beam tests, as predicted by the results of the bond characterization tests and delamination theory.
Based on the review, the following key points are re-emphasized: (1) Since the failure mode of the FRP-concrete interface involves shearing the concrete directly below the bond, the ultimate strength or bond transfer strength is proportional to ( f^{prime }_{c} ) or ( sqrt{f^{prime }_{c} }). (2) Surface preparation greatly influences the ultimate bond strength.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com