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There is no unified bond calculation method in China.
Bond calculation in Canada is generally based on current construction rates and third-party estimates.
The administrative authority should provide guidance and publish the bond calculation methods so that the methods are known and widely available.
A unified bond calculation method can help to ensure the adequacy of bond amounts and will contribute to fairness among mining companies for reclamation.
The handbook's bond calculation assumed that the bond amount would be sufficient to engage a third-party contractor to complete the reclamation plan and to reflect the worst-case scenario (or the maximum reclamation cost liability).
The Handbook for Calculation of Reclamation Bond Amounts made a detailed description of the five major steps in bond calculation (Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement 2000a, b). 1. Determine the point of maximum reclamation cost liability.
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Most reclamation bond calculations include estimates of the potential disturbance area and other liabilities such as infrastructure or water treatment.
Related research should also be carried out by academia to discover the most practical and effective ways, and provide theoretical support for bond calculations.
Bond calculations based on a third-party reclamation cost provides an incentive for a company to complete reclamation work by itself because it can do so less expensively than a third-party (CCSG Associates 2001).
Hydrogen bond calculations and van der Waals radii were determined with Insight II.
According to the results from free energy and hydrogen bond calculations, the structure-activity relationships of auxin and its synthetic analogues were uncovered in view of energy.
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